Which of the following is an adverse effect of high blood cholesterol levels?

High blood cholesterol levels are associated with numerous health risks, particularly concerning cardiovascular health. Elevated cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, a process known as atherosclerosis. This buildup narrows and hardens the arteries, ultimately increasing the risk of blockages that can prevent blood from flowing effectively to the heart. When blood flow to the heart is restricted, it can trigger a heart attack, as the heart muscle may not receive enough oxygen-rich blood to function properly. Therefore, the link between high cholesterol and an increased risk of heart attack is well-established and significant in understanding cardiovascular health.

In contrast, improved cardiovascular health, low blood pressure, and enhanced physical performance are generally associated with healthy cholesterol levels or good overall fitness and lifestyle choices rather than the adverse effects of high cholesterol. These factors do not contribute to the cardiovascular issues stemming from elevated cholesterol.